ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Recently the number of juvenile delinquents have been increasing in Korea and their misdeeds were getting worse. This study was conducted to find out the basic cause of juvenile delinquency and a counterplan of overcoming this distress. METHODS: The authors reviewed the statistics of the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office to know the juvenile delinquents and Korean national statistics to know the changes of family environments. The author conducted a study on the family environments between student group and juvenile de linquent group in jail, and also investigated the value judgement of middle and high school students to know the difference between the recent adolescents and the youth before 1945. RESULTS: Nuclear families, dual-income families and divorce rates have remarkably been increased recently. All of which are considered to be the basic cause of getting worse in home teaching. It was found that the delinquent group have more defective families, poorer economic status, poorer parent's educational level than the student group, and also found that the value judgement of recent youth were quite different from that of youth before 1945. CONCLUSION: Industrialization have changed our home-environment rapidly which made home-teaching poorer, and the children were being insecure and melancholy, which consequently made them more abnormal youth and juvenile delinquents in Korea.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Divorce , Juvenile Delinquency , Korea , Nuclear FamilyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: There were rapid socio-environmental changes in Korea caused by industrializations in last thirty years. Those changes are : first, abrupt changes from the environments with closed Confucian ideas to the liberal democratic society, second, agricultural society changed to industrialized society and families with two or three generations are broken down into nuclear families at each generation, third, the annual personal income was increased from less than 100 US dollars in 1960' s to 10,000 US dollars in recent years, and some peoples show luxurious consuming, adolescents became feeble minded and peoples avoid jobs with dirty or hard works, fourth, one third of young couples employed are dual income families and they left their child to a neighbourhood, or a day-care center or infant home for caring children during work hours, fifth, the school education focused on the entrance examination of the university that causes conflicts between parents and offsprings. METHODS: The author studied differences of family environments between student group (SG) consists of middle and high school students, and juvenile delinquent group (JDG) confined in prison. It is revealed that the extent of misconduct depend on different factors such as the age of study subjects, absence of parent (s) in the family, total family income, parents' educational level, personal expenses and the conflicts between parents. The conditions for those factors were worse in JDG as compared with that of SG. The differences were statistically significant. As long as the extent of delinquency is concerned, delinquent points of JDG were significantly higher as compared with that of SG for all factors. RESULTS: In order to prevent juvenile delinquency in Korea, it is recommended that educational level and the living standard of the lower class peoples should be raised, the sound families which do have less conflicts should be established as many as possible, defective families should be reduced by decreasing divorce rate and car accident, the current educational system that is making much more conflicts between parents and their offsprings should be changed so that their given temperament would be brought up to the highest level, parents who do not want to see misbehavior of their children should not do actions that are considered not to be done by youngsters and must set a good example, parents should act up to what they say, adult education is to be developed so that to rear their children emotionally sound as much as possible. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that : 1) We, pediatricians must concern not only for their physical and mental health of the children, but also intervening their families. 2) When we, pediatrician would find any unhappy children leaving parents, should lead and help them to receive proper love and home-education. 3) Day-care nurseries, nursing schools and kindergartens that are under control of a local district office must employ qualified teachers and enough spaces. 4) Home-education should be done by the parents in each family. In order to give better home-education we have to teach on rearing babies and children and on home-education during the middle, high school ages in female. 5) The society has the responsibility of admitting and educating all unhappy children in institutional facilities. 6) As long as the economic conditions permit, compulsory education for one or two years of 5 to 6 years-old children should be performed to learn about social moralities and basic regulations.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Divorce , Education , Family Characteristics , Juvenile Delinquency , Korea , Love , Mental Health , Nuclear Family , Nurseries, Infant , Parents , Prisons , Schools, Nursing , Social Control, Formal , Social Environment , Socioeconomic Factors , TemperamentABSTRACT
This study was conducted to find out an appropriate means for preventing the juvenile delinquency (JD), which is supposed to be greatly realted to family environment. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with a means of writing by themself, to 257 middle and high school students and 309 juvenile delinquents who were in confinement. The questionnaire was consisted of 27 items of juvenile delinquencies, 15 questions about personal environment in their period of childhood, 36 questions on their home atmosphere, 25 items with regard to their parental behavior to their children in the rearing of them. The extent of delinquency was calculated by summing the numbers of experienced delinquencies of the listed items. The study subjects were divided into two groups; student group (SG) and juvenile delinquent group (JDG) and the collected data were analyzed with the extent of delinquency in each group by SPSS/PC+statistical package. The extent of JD was increased as the study subjects grew older, defective families were more common, total family income was more poor, parents' educational level was lower, personal expenses were higher and the conflicts between parents were more high in JDG as compared with of SG. The differences were statistically significant. As long as the extent of delinquency is concerned, delimquent points of JDG were significantly higher as compared with that of SG in all items except one item, below the primary school item in fathers' educational level. (In order to prevent JD in our country, it is recommended that educational level and the living standared of the lower class people should be raised, the sound families which do have less conflictsshould be established as much as possible, the present educational system which is making much conflicts between parents and their offsprings should be changed so that their given temperament would be brought up to the highest level, defective families should be reduced as much as possible and adults should not do actions that are considered not to be done by youngsters and must set a good example.)
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Atmosphere , Juvenile Delinquency , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires , Temperament , WritingABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the association of the occurrence of pediatric disease with environmental, seasonal and atmospheric factors. The data were collected at 5 pediatric clinics in Seoul and the Department of Pediatrics of Yongin Severance Hospital from May 1986 to April 1987. The results were as follows: 1. Vacation periods had a great influence upon the occurrence of pediatric diseases. 2. The majority of pediatric diseases occurred mainly in spring and autumn, not in summer and winter. 3. The higher the average relative humidity was, the less diseases occurred; and the higher the maximum change of daily temperature, the more diseases occurred. 4. In summer, the pattern of diseases varied along with the environmental factors(eg., toilet).
Subject(s)
Humidity , Pediatrics , Seasons , SeoulABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
This Study was conducted to study the importance of infectious diseases in Korea by computing the records of ambulatory and hospitalized patients at two university hospitals. Infectious diseases were 74.7% and non-infectious diseases were 25.3% at Severance Hospital, while infectious diseases were 82.7% and non-infectious diseases were 17.3% at the Wonju Christian Hospital. Among the infectious diseases, viral infection were 72.4% bacterial infections were 24.7% at Severance Hospital, while viral infections were 81.8% and bacterial infections 17.4% at Wonju Christain Hospital in 1980. Of the five major viral infections, upper respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and hepatitis were in that order at both Severance and Wonju Christian Hospital and the incidence of each disease was similar. Of the ten major bacterial infections, tuberculosis was ranked the first, pneumonia, bronchitis, pertussis, shigellosis, sepsis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, impetigo and salmonellosis were in that order at Severance Hospital, while tuberculosis, pneumonia, shigellosis, meningitis, bronchitis, sepsis, pertussis, urinary tract infections, salmonellosis and cellulitis were in that order at Wonju Christian Hospital. The number of diseases was closely related to the number of infectious diseases which also had a close relationship to the number of epidemic diseases in 1980. In the relationship of infectious diseases to age, younger children have more infectious diseases than older children.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Age Factors , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Comparative Study , Hospitals, Teaching , Hospitals, University , Korea , SeasonsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Communicable Diseases , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
Twelve patients with ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension underwent lung biopsy to assess pulmonary obstructive vascular disease at the time of open heart surgery. According to the Heath and Edwards classification in grading of Pulmonary obstructive vasculr disease, there are eleven cases in grade 1 and one case in grade 3. Thickness of media was measured. It was expressed as percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of artery. The medial thickness was correlated proportionally with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic resistance ratio. In tolazoline test performed in 4 cases, one patients who had pulmonary obstructive vascular disease, had no change of pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance after intravenous injection of tolazoline during cardiac catheterization, but Rp/Rs of three cases was decreased significantly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arterial Pressure , Arteries , Biopsy , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Catheters , Classification , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Injections, Intravenous , Lung , Pulmonary Artery , Thoracic Surgery , Tolazoline , Vascular Diseases , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
We evaluated the role of antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis in children with chronic cough. At the first visit 216 of 276 cases with chronic cough had radiologically abnormal maxillary sinuses (78.3%). By the Waters x-rays around 50 cases each were assigned randomly to four groups; among them, 48 cases were given an amoxicillin, 51 cases were given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), 53 cases were given amoxcillin plus TMS and 50 cases were given expectorant plus decongestant (control) group. Thus, 202 children were included for data analysis. Treatment was given for two weeks in each group. The group treated with antimicrobials had a significantly higher cure rate than that of expectorant plus decongestant group (P < 0.001). Most of the patients who had roentgenographic improvement have successfully recovered from the chronic cough and the other cardinal signs of chronic sinusitis.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Cough/drug therapy , Sinusitis/drug therapyABSTRACT
A clinical study was made on 68 cases of neonatal meningitis occuring under the age of 1 month at the department of Pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1st Jan. 1965 to 31th Dec. 1981. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.8:1 approximately. Neonatal predisposing factors significantly associated with neonatal meningitis were omphalitis(14 cases), skin infection (13 cases), birth injury (9 cases) and pneumonia (8 cases) etc. The most common maternal predisposing factor was difficult labor (13 cases). In 27 out of the 68 cultured CSF, the most common organisms were E. coli (29.6%), Staphylococcus coagulase(+) (22.2%) and Beta meholytic streptococcus (22.2%). Gram negative organisms were found in 12 cases (44.4%). The most common presenting symptoms were non-specific in nature -an elevated or subnormal body temperature, convulsion, poor feeding, irritability, jaundice and vomiting in that order of frequency. The presence of a poor Moro reflex, neck stiffness, unconsciousness or convulsion correlated with the high mortality rate significantly. Complications and sequelae included convulsion(11 cases), subdural effusion (8 cases), candida infection (8 cases), hydrocephalus (2 cases) and cerebral hemorrhage (2 cases) in that order of frequency. In the 68 cases, there were 29 mortalities or 42.6%.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Age Factors , Meningitis/diagnosis , Meningitis/epidemiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
We have experienced a case with acute fulminant hepatitis induced by Herpesvirus homin-us. The patient, 11day-old male baby, was admitted with the chief complaints of poor sucking and jaundice for 3 days duration. On adimission, we performed bacterial cultures, liver function tests, blood coagulation test, TORCH study and routine hematologic studies. During these studies, bleeding tendency was n-oticed at the blood sampling sites. The patients took and fulminant course and expired about 3hrs. after admission despite of vigorous ressucitations. Electronmicroscopic examination of the liver necropsy tissue showed Viral particles in the nuclei of hepatocytes which was considered as Herpesvirus hominus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Coagulation Tests , Hemorrhage , Hepatitis , Hepatocytes , Jaundice , Liver , Liver Function Tests , Vidarabine , VirionABSTRACT
Well known predisposing factors of asthmatic attack are emotional factors, autonomic nerve dysfunctions, immunologic factors, endocrinologic factors and respiratory track infections. In addition, environmental factors are also important. Meteorological factors-temperature, air pre-ssure, relative humidity-seem to bo the mail triggering agents. According to our clinical experience, the hospotal admission rate of asthmatic children is hi-gher in certain seasons than in other seasons. In response to this observation, a study was conducted to determine the effects of weather and respiratory tract infections on the occurren-ce of asthmatic children in the department of Pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei Univers-ity, College of Medicine from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1980. Meteorological data was supplied by the Central Meteorological Office, Seoul, Korea. Results were as follows; 1. The admission rate of asthmatic children was the higher in Autumn (10.8%) than in other seasons. 2. The monthly admission rate of asthmatic children was the highest in September (5.3%) and the lowest in January (0.3%). 3. During the period of rapid decrease of temperature from the highest monthly mean temp-erature in a year, the admission rate of asthmatic children was the highest. The monthly mean temperature of this period was under 18.6degrees C(16~21degrees C). 4. The admission rates of asthmaftic children are tend to be increased at the monthly mean relative humidity range of 66~72% (the average 67.2%). 5. During the period of an increase of monthly average range of temperature, the admission rate of asthmatic children is also increased. 6. During the period of rapid fluctuation of air pressure, the admission rate of asthmatic chil-dren is also increased. 7. There was no significant correlation between asthmatic attacks and respiratory infections.